About the practice of english language teaching
Jeremy Harmer's "The Practice of English Language Teaching" is a seminal textbook designed for both trainee and experienced English language teachers. It offers a comprehensive and accessible exploration of the principles and practices of teaching English as a foreign or second language (EFL/ESL). The book systematically covers various aspects of language pedagogy, from understanding how languages are learned and the different methodological approaches to practical classroom management, lesson planning, and the teaching of specific language skills (reading, writing, listening, speaking) and systems (grammar, vocabulary, pronunciation).
The book's main argument centers on the idea that effective language teaching requires a blend of theoretical understanding and practical application, emphasizing a communicative approach while acknowledging the value of various techniques. Harmer encourages teachers to be reflective practitioners, adapting methods to suit their students' needs and contexts rather than adhering rigidly to a single methodology. It matters because it provides a foundational understanding for new teachers entering the profession and offers a valuable reference and source of new ideas for seasoned educators, making it one of the most widely used and respected resources in English Language Teaching.
Key takeaways
- Understand that effective language teaching involves a balance between various methodologies, adapting them to suit specific student needs and learning contexts.
- Prioritize creating a positive and engaging classroom atmosphere where students feel comfortable taking risks and participating actively.
- Integrate the teaching of language skills (reading, writing, listening, speaking) with language systems (grammar, vocabulary, pronunciation) for holistic development.
- Plan lessons meticulously, considering aims, stages, activities, and potential problems, but also be prepared to adapt plans spontaneously.
- Utilize a variety of teaching techniques and materials to maintain student motivation and cater to different learning styles.
- Reflect regularly on your teaching practice, evaluating what works and what doesn't, and continuously seek opportunities for professional development.
- Recognize the importance of feedback, both corrective and encouraging, in helping students improve their language proficiency.
Key ideas at a glance
ELT methodology
- Plan lessons meticulously, considering aims, stages, activities, and potential problems, but also be prepared to adapt…
Classroom management
- Prioritize creating a positive and engaging classroom atmosphere where students feel comfortable taking risks and…
Language skills development
- Integrate the teaching of language skills (reading, writing, listening, speaking) with language systems (grammar…
- Recognize the importance of feedback, both corrective and encouraging, in helping students improve their language…
Teacher professional development
- Reflect regularly on your teaching practice, evaluating what works and what doesn't, and continuously seek…
Learner-centered teaching
- Understand that effective language teaching involves a balance between various methodologies, adapting them to suit…
- Utilize a variety of teaching techniques and materials to maintain student motivation and cater to different learning…
Chapter summaries
Part A: Background
This foundational section introduces the field of English Language Teaching, exploring its historical development and the evolution of various methodologies, from traditional Grammar-Translation to contemporary Communicative Language Teaching and Task-Based Learning. It delves into the nature of language itself, dissecting its components such as grammar, lexis, phonology, and discourse, and how these elements interrelate. Furthermore, it examines theories of language learning, discussing different learning styles, learner characteristics, and individual differences that significantly influence the acquisition process. This part establishes the essential theoretical framework upon which practical teaching strategies are built throughout the rest of the book, emphasizing the importance of understanding both language and learners.
Part B: Teaching Skills
This part focuses on the practical, day-to-day skills indispensable for effective classroom management and instruction. It covers strategies for creating a positive learning environment, establishing rapport, organizing students for pair and group work, and giving clear instructions. Detailed guidance is provided on lesson planning, including setting aims, sequencing activities, and anticipating problems. The section also addresses the selection and effective use of various teaching materials and aids, from textbooks to technology. Crucially, it explores techniques for giving constructive feedback, correcting errors sensitively and appropriately, and understanding different approaches to testing and assessment, including formative and summative evaluation methods.
Part C: Teaching Language
This section is dedicated to the methodology of teaching specific language systems: grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation. For grammar, it explores various presentation techniques, such as inductive versus deductive approaches, and a range of practice activities designed to develop both accuracy and fluency. The part on teaching vocabulary covers strategies for presenting new lexis, encouraging retention through recycling, and dealing with aspects like collocations, word families, and lexical chunks. It also provides guidance on teaching pronunciation, addressing both segmental features (individual sounds) and suprasegmental features (stress, rhythm, intonation), and offers practical techniques for improving learners' phonological awareness and intelligibility.
Part D: Teaching Language Skills
This part delves into the methodologies for developing the four core language skills: speaking, writing, listening, and reading. For speaking, it outlines activities that promote both fluency and accuracy, such as discussions, role-plays, and presentations, emphasizing interaction and communication. The writing section addresses different approaches, including process and product writing, various genres, and effective feedback strategies for written work. For receptive skills, it details strategies for teaching listening (e.g., predicting, listening for gist, listening for detail) and reading (e.g., skimming, scanning, extensive vs. intensive reading), highlighting the importance of authentic materials and task design to develop comprehension strategies.
Part E: From Theory to Practice
This concluding part bridges theoretical understanding with practical classroom application, often focusing on broader pedagogical issues and continuous professional development. It discusses the critical role of motivation in language learning, exploring various types of motivation and practical strategies for fostering and maintaining it in the classroom. This section also addresses the unique characteristics and needs of different learner demographics, such as young learners, teenagers, and adults, offering tailored teaching approaches. Finally, it often includes discussions on reflective practice, action research, and the importance of ongoing professional development for teachers, looking towards future trends and challenges in the field of English Language Teaching.
Full summary
"The Practice of English Language Teaching" by Jeremy Harmer is a seminal work in ELT, providing educators with essential frameworks and methodologies. Harmer explores various teaching approaches, including communicative language teaching, task-based learning, and the role of grammar, emphasizing the need for adaptability in diverse classroom environments.
The book presents key themes such as learner autonomy, the significance of motivation, and the integration of technology in teaching. Harmer discusses the importance of understanding learners' needs and the teacher's role in facilitating effective language acquisition through interactive and engaging practices.
Key concepts include the 'PPP' (Presentation, Practice, Production) model, the importance of feedback, and classroom management techniques. Harmer also highlights the evolving nature of language teaching, advocating for continuous professional development among educators.
The text offers critical insights into balancing ...
Memorable quotes
“Good teaching is not just about methodology; it is about personality, belief, and passion.”
“The best teachers are often those who are still learning themselves.”
“Language learning is not just about knowing things; it's about being able to do things.”
“Students need to feel safe to make mistakes. It's part of the learning process.”
“Variety is not just the spice of life; it's the spice of language teaching.”
Themes
- ELT methodology
- Classroom management
- Language skills development
- Teacher professional development
- Learner-centered teaching
About Jeremy Harmer
Jeremy Harmer is a highly respected figure in the field of English Language Teaching (ELT). He is a writer, trainer, and lecturer, known for his clear and accessible writing style. Besides "The Practice of English Language Teaching," he has authored numerous other influential ELT books, including "The English Language Teacher's Guide to Grammar and Usage" and "How to Teach English." Harmer wrote this book to provide a comprehensive, practical, and theoretically informed guide for both novice and experienced teachers, aiming to bridge the gap between academic theory and real-world classroom application.
FAQ
What is the practice of english language teaching about?
Jeremy Harmer's "The Practice of English Language Teaching" is a comprehensive guide for English language teachers. It covers the theories of language learning, practical classroom management techniques, methods for teaching all four language skills (reading, writing, listening, speaking), and systems (grammar, vocabulary, pronunciation), as well as lesson planning and assessment. It aims to equip teachers with both theoretical knowledge and practical tools.
Is the practice of english language teaching worth reading?
Yes, it is highly recommended and considered a cornerstone text in English Language Teaching (ELT). It's invaluable for trainee teachers seeking a foundational understanding and for experienced teachers looking to refresh their knowledge or explore new approaches. Its balanced perspective, clear explanations, and practical advice make it an essential resource for anyone involved in teaching English.
How does the practice of english language teaching end?
Spoiler: As a non-fiction pedagogical textbook, the book doesn't have a narrative ending. It concludes by emphasizing the importance of ongoing professional development, reflection, and adaptation for English language teachers. Harmer encourages teachers to continuously evaluate their practice, stay informed about new developments, and tailor their methods to the specific needs of their learners and teaching contexts.
Who should read the practice of english language teaching?
This book is essential reading for anyone training to become an English language teacher, including those pursuing CELTA, DELTA, or MA TESOL qualifications. It is also highly beneficial for experienced teachers who wish to deepen their understanding of ELT principles, explore new methodologies, or find practical solutions to classroom challenges. Teacher trainers also find it a valuable reference.
How long does it take to read the practice of english language teaching?
Given its comprehensive nature and academic depth, reading "The Practice of English Language Teaching" thoroughly can take a significant amount of time. Depending on your reading speed and how much you engage with the concepts and activities, it could take anywhere from 10 to 20 hours to read cover-to-cover. Many readers also use it as a reference book, dipping into specific sections as needed.